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“I'm one of those guyes that used, after the lights out you know, we were supposed to go to bed and we'd sneak into the latrine...and study until after midnight or thereafter to try to keep up with the studies....”

-Walter Tanaka



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Continental United States Presidio Defense Language Institute Camp Savage Fort Snelling Manhattan Project Camp Ritchie


Continental United States

In the U.S., a combination of MIS and civilian Nisei taught Japanese and translated documents captured from the Japanese.

MIS Language Schools:

Crissy Field, Presidio, San Francisco, CA—The first class of MIS linguists began training in a small airplane hangar on base. After President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, administrators decided to move the language school to Minnesota.

Camp Savage, MN—Throughout the U.S., most governors did not want a Japanese language school with Japanese-American students in their state, except for Governor Harold E. Stassen of Minnesota. On June 1, 1942, Camp Savage’s first class began. After December of 1942, the school began emphasizing military language.

Fort Snelling, MN—In August 1944, the MIS lanaguage school was moved to larger facilities at Fort Snelling. Chinese and Korean language classes opened, and as the war came to an end, the focus changed to emphasize civil affairs and government to help with the Occupation effort.

Defense Language Institute:
In June 1946, the language school was renamed the U.S. Army Language School and moved to Monterey, CA. On July 1, 1963, it was reorganized and became the Defense Language Institute (DLI), one of the premier language schools in the world.

Women's Army Corps: On September 1, 1943, 51 Women's Army Corps members began training at Fort Snelling to train as translators.Those sent to Tokyo became part of the U.S. Federal civil service during the Occupation. Others were assigned to U.S. military bases, including Camp Ritchie, MD.

Pacific Military Intelligence Research Section (PACMIRS): In August of 1944, the War Department created PACMIRS atn Camp Ritchie, Maryland. The Nisei scanned all captured documents for information that might help in strategic planning. They discovered an important book containing the Imperial Army Ordinance Inventory, which provided details on all Japanese weaponry. The book’s information was used for bombing missions as well as for the disarmament of Japan after the war’s end.

Manhattan Project: The Army sent two top MIS Nisei linguists to New York City to refine the Army’s technical manual on Japanese terms. Next, they moved to the Manhattan Project under whichthey translated special technical manuals from the Mitsui and Agura Petroleum companies in New York. It was suspected the manuals helped the US track the progress of Japanese nuclear research.
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